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This book is intended to provide an in-depth understanding of 13C NMR as a tool in biological research. 13C NMR has provided unique information concerning complex biological systems, from proteins and nucleic acids to animals and humans. The subjects addressed include multidimensional heteronuclear techniques for structural studies of molecules in the liquid and solid states, the investigation of interactions in model membranes, the elucidation of metabolic pathways"in vitro" and "in vivo" on animals, and noninvasive metabolic studies performed on humans. The book is a unique mix of NMR methods and biological applications which makes it a convenient reference for those interested in research in this interdisciplinary area of physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine.

Primer (molecular biology) - A primer is a nucleic acid strand, or a or related molecule that serves as a starting point for DNA replication. A primer is required because most DNA polymerases, enzymes that catalyze the replication of DNA, cannot begin synthesizing a new DNA strand from scratch, but can only add to an existing strand of nucleotides.

Nucleic acid - A nucleic acid is a complex, high-molecular-weight biochemical macromolecule composed of nucleotide chains that convey genetic information. The most common nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Nucleic acid nomenclature - Molecular biologists use several shorthands when referring to nucleic acid molecules such as DNA and RNA, collectively referred to as nucleic acid nomenclature.

Locked nucleic acid - A locked nucleic acid (LNA) is a modified RNA nucleotide. LNA increases the thermal stability (melting temperature) of oligonucleotides.

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